The Final Frontier
Even as the global economy teeters due to weakness in Europe and slowing growth in China, Africa has proved surprisingly resilient. Foreign investors, including the Chinese government and European multinational corporations, have been deploying capital to help develop African infrastructure in order to ensure continuous access to critical natural resources. As a result, foreign direct investment (FDI) on the continent has grown at a compound rate of about 20 percent annually for the past five years. I recently spoke with Larry Seruma, portfolio manager of Nile Pan Africa (NAFAX, 877-682-3742), to learn how such investment has affected the region, as well as how investors can tap into the phenomenal growth it’s driving.
Please describe the market conditions in Africa.
Market performance has been mixed so far this year, with stock markets in countries such as Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania producing gains in the mid-teens, while other countries such as Mauritius and Morocco are down about the same amount.
Europe’s economic woes are having a negative impact on African trade. Countries whose export markets rely heavily on Europe, such as Morocco and Mauritius, have suffered the most in terms of market performance. Economies that are dependent upon oil or other commodities, such as Nigeria, are also facing difficulties. However, the effect on Nigeria’s stock market is not as apparent because most of its oil firms aren’t listed on the local market. Better-performing African economies, such as Kenya, are driven more by consumption or other internal forces than commodities.
So why should investors look at Africa now? The big story is that valuations, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, are in the single digits. And Africa’s robust gross domestic product (GDP) growth provides ample fundamental support for these firms. African GDP growth is averaging about 4 percent annually, and the International Monetary Fund forecasts that growth will double over the next 20 years. As emerging markets become key drivers of global economic growth, Africa’s contribution to the world economy is projected to triple, while Asia’s contribution is only expected to double.
Given the current weakness in energy and other commodity prices, how serious are the headwinds Africa faces?
Right now, Africa holds about 15 percent of global oil reserves. The large, developed economies, particularly the US, are trying to diversify their energy imports away from the Middle East. Government data shows the US anticipates that 25 percent of its oil imports will come from Africa by 2015. Meanwhile, emerging markets in Asia are still growing, and their demand for oil is coming off a low base, so they’ll be another major source of demand. The bottom line is that demand for energy commodities is still exceeding actual supply, especially as the emerging market economies continue to evolve.
But fear over Europe’s slowdown has created tremendous volatility in the oil market. Fortunately, most of the investment in new oil discoveries in East Africa isn’t terribly sensitive to the price of oil. The European oil majors are investing heavily in developing these finds, which should remain economically viable unless the price of oil truly plummets.
You mentioned the US is cultivating alternatives to the Middle East for its energy imports. But does Africa have the political stability necessary to make it a reliable source of such commodities?
You really have to analyze Africa on a country-by-country basis. The recent oil discoveries are in the more politically stable sub-Saharan region, rather than North Africa. That includes countries such as Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, Mozambique and Ethiopia.
Of course, the political situation can vary widely between countries. But the Western media tend to largely focus on trouble spots such as Somalia, Chad and Sudan, which can distort one’s perception of the reality on the continent as a whole. Although there are a lot of countries in Africa that are governed by problematic regimes, there are also many that are actually quite stable.
We try to avoid political risk by only focusing on those countries where we believe there is economic growth, as well as political stability founded upon the rule of law and an underlying regulatory framework.
Which countries are Africa’s major trading partners, and how will global economic weakness affect FDI?
China is one of Africa’s main trading partners, with ties to countries ranging from Libya to South Africa. Its annual trade volume with the continent has grown from about $5 billion in 2000 to $170 billion last year. China is now South Africa’s largest trading partner and is also involved in countries that Western nations have avoided, as evidenced by its sizable investment in Sudanese oil infrastructure. Beyond that, China has oil infrastructure deals in countries such as Angola and Guinea, and has invested in road and rail construction projects in Kenya.
But Europe has long been Africa’s primary trading partner, and those ties have actually strengthened because the countries and firms that have longstanding relationships with Africa don’t want to cede anything to China. As such, they have committed serious capital to certain industries. For example, both Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE: RDS-A) and Tullow Oil (London: TLW) have been aggressively bidding for oil and gas assets on the Mozambique- Tanzania border. In fact, all of the European oil majors are investing heavily in Africa. So the FDI that’s going to show up over the next 10 years as a result of these deep investments will be substantial.
Many US corporations are also making significant investments in Africa, including companies such as Wal-Mart (NYSE: WMT), General Electric (NYSE: GE), Cummins (NYSE: CMI), and Yum! Brands (NYSE: YUM). For example, General Electric’s restructuring included the creation of an African division, which is domiciled in Nairobi.
On the government side, China has been very effective in using its import-export bank to finance its big infrastructure projects in Africa. The US government is in catch-up mode on that front, and has streamlined its import-export processes after being surprised by the growth of Chinese trade in Africa over the past decade.
Still, Africa is not decoupled from the rest of the world, and a global recession would have consequences there. But Africa’s economy could enjoy some resilience due to its relationship with China. Even if China’s slowdown persists, it will still need access to basic natural resources so that it can continue developing its rural areas. Another recession could also spur large, multinational corporations to look more toward the emerging markets since consumer growth in those economies is quite strong.
Does Africa have a burgeoning middle class like other emerging markets?
The high flow of FDI due to Africa’s wealth of natural resources has fueled the construction of roads, ports and pipelines. The creation of this critical infrastructure has facilitated greater links between countries. That’s led to the development of regional blocks, such as the East African Committee, which has liberalized trade policy and loosened border controls. These new policies are fostering trade between countries, while creating more regional businesses with larger markets and greater growth potential.
Africa’s rising middle class encompasses about 300 million people, and consumer spending is estimated to reach $1.6 trillion by 2020. The easiest consumer markets to tap have been fast food restaurants. In addition to companies like Yum! Brands, there are also local brands like Mr. Bigg’s in Nigeria, which is owned by the conglomerate United Africa Company of Nigeria. I’ve spoken with Yum! Brand’s representative in Africa to determine how KFC is performing there because it’s not itemized on its financials. He said that in Nigeria a KFC store is typically profitable within about six months after opening.
Are there any companies you would recommend that are accessible to Western investors?
Tullow Oil is listed in London and has a market cap of around $16 billion. Africa Oil Corp (Toronto: AOI) is listed in Canada and has a market cap of about $2 billion. They are both oil and gas exploration companies that own very similar assets and are a play on the huge East African reserves that will be developed over the coming year.
Another potential play is MTN Group (OTC: MTNOY), which boasts the largest mobile network in Africa. It operates in 21 African countries, though the bulk of its network is situated in Ghana and Nigeria.
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